We get stimuli through sensory organs from surroundings. Sensory receptors get activated and send this information to brain. It is called sensation. Physical stimuli with physical features are registered by sensory organs in sensation. There is biological or physical features in process of sensation. There are several sensory losses which get due to defective sensation procedure. It may be due to nerve damage, cerebral disability and defective receptors. This makes sensation process not working properly. It creates barriers in obtaining correct stimuli from sensory organs.
1.Stimuli:-
Stimulus is an object
or incidents that forces to create distinct functional responses in body unit
or tissues. Stimulus is any catalysts
existing at body externally or internally which influences internal body organs
and directs its senses.
(a).Internal Stimuli:-
Internal stimulus
exists in the body internally like muscles produces heat, digestive systems
absorb nutrition and glands produce different hormones.
(b).External Stimuli:-
External stimuli exists
in body externally like ears for listening, eyes for looking, skin for
touching, nose for smelling and tongue for tasting.
Individual acquires
information available at surroundings through senses unit which influences on
internal and external stimuli. Through which, individual gets order either to
perform specific behavior or not at specific situation.
2.Receptors:-
Receptors are chemical
arrangements formed of protein that acquire and translates signals that may
useful to biological systems. Receptors are related with sensory units. Receptors
transform the information available at surroundings to neurological incidents.
People utilize various receptors. Touching receptors contain the tissues of
skin, tasting receptors utilizes taste buds of mouth, seeing receptors contain
rods and cones situated in the retina, hearing receptors contain hearing cell
situated in the ear, smelling receptor utilizes nasal passage situated in nose.
3.Central Nervous System:-
Central nervous system
is combination of both the brain and spinal cord. It controls and directs
thought, movements, emotions and other activities etc. The main brain uses most
sensory information to coordinate activities of body both consciously and
unconsciously. The spinal cord links the main receptors and the brain. It helps
to regulate signals between the brain and body.
Differences between Sensation and Perception
Basis | Perception Sensation | Perception |
Process | Normal biological process | Complex psychological process |
Meaning
| Sensation does not provide any meaning to external stimuli. | It provides meaning to external stimuli. |
Source |
| Information given by sensation to brain. |
Results | In perception | Change in action or attitudes. |
Meaning | Only awareness no meaning | Meaningful |
Main role | Sense Organs | Brains |
Transmission | By receptors process | By symbolic process |
Form | Abstract process | Concrete process |
Past experience | Is not involved | Is involved |
Knowledge | It awareness about immediate knowledge. | It is explaining and interpreting immediate knowledge. |
Activeness | Individual is inactive in sensation up to some extent. | Individual is more active in perception. |
Nature of Data | Provides raw data. | Provides complete meaning. |
Example | Smelling something from the goblet is sensation. | Finding it is smell of bear is perception. |
Step | First step of knowledge process | Second step of knowledge process |
Frequently Asked Questions
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